resource: applies to anything one falls back upon: haven't exhausted all of my ~s yet.   (fall back upon依靠依赖，表示开始去使用预留的人或物to begin to use someone or something held in reserve，如we fell back on our savings to get us through the hard times为了度过难关，我们动用了积蓄，如we had to fall back on our emergency generator我们必须依靠(动用)紧急发电机）


resort: is like resource but is used mostly with 'last' or in the phrase 'to have resort to': favor a sales tax only as a last ~.


expedient: may apply to any device or contrivance used when the usual one is not at hand or not possible: the flimsiest of ~s ends the tale.   （device装置设备方法手段a piece of equipment invented for a purpose如mobile/water-saving devices移动/节水装置，还表示方法手段method，如email is a very effective marketing device电子邮件是有效的营销手段）   （contrivance聪明灵巧的计划设计方案等implies a clever and ingenious plan, design, scheme,如contrived a way of helping them without their knowing it想出了一种帮助他们又让他们察觉不出来的方法）    (at hand在手边，形容空间或时间距离近，如having the right equipment at hand will be enormously helpful手头上有合适的设备将会帮上大忙, 如realizing that his retirement was near at hand, he looked for some additional income意识到自己快要退休了，他想要挣些外快，如the examination is near at hand考试临近了)

  
shift: implies a tentative or temporary imperfect expedient and often connotes dubiousness or trickery: her desperate ~s and dodges fooled no one. (这个解释不太好理解，但动词容易理解，表示转嫁推卸，如shift blame/responsibility推卸转嫁责任/指责)   (这个词加上less还是贬义词，shiftless表示没志气不思进取混日子is applied to someone who is lazy and has no ambition to succeed in life，如a shiftless husband不求上进的丈夫，如 he called the young people shiftless, lazy and good-for-nothing他说这些年轻人胸无大志、懒惰无用)


makeshift: implies an inferior expedient adopted because of urgent need or countenanced through indifference: the space heater was supposed to be only a ~.     （countenance是多义词有两个意思，1.同意agree,如the committee refused to countenance his proposals委员会拒不同意他的提议，2.面容，即所看到的脸face as it is seen，如the benign countenance of my grandmother奶奶慈祥的面容）  


stopgap: applies to something used temporarily as an emergency measure: the farm aid bill is no more than a ~.


resource资源: 泛指任何可以依靠的事物，resort求助: 和resource意思相同，但和last一起用或用在短语"to have resort to"，expedient权宜: 指通常的装置方法不可用时作为替代的(装置、方法)，shift推卸转嫁: 即临时试图使用的有缺陷的权宜、可疑伎俩，makeshift劣质代用品: 表示劣质的代用品，因为需求紧急或无所谓，stopgap应急措施: 表示临时的应急措施


记忆方法: 1）首字母RRESMS想成雷丝夫人MRS RES<==懂得权宜    夫人发音[misiz]


         2）权宜的意思是通常方法不可用时所使用的方法mean something one turns to in the absence of the usual means or source of supply.